随着我国人口老龄化进程的加快,帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease, PD)的发病人数逐年增加,已成为继肿瘤、心脑血管疾病之后中老年人的“第三杀手”,但目前仍无有效的治疗药物。近年来,中药活性成分因其高效、低毒、多靶点、多通路的优势在PD的治疗中取得了重大进展。然而,超过90%的中药活性成分存在水溶性差、体内清除速率快、生物利用度低的缺陷,同时血脑屏障(blood brain barrier, BBB)限制所有大分子及98%的小分子通过被动扩散进入大脑,药物无法跨过BBB在脑部累积,极大地限制了其药效发挥和临床应用。新型递药系统的发展为改善中药活性成分的疗效带来契机,将药物纳米化可有效提高药物溶解度、渗透性和半衰期,进而改善生物利用度。将中药有效成分装载于纳米载体中可提高其在体内的稳定性,调控药物释放,减少血药浓度的波动,提高体内安全性。此外,对纳米载体进行合理设计和靶向分子修饰,可显著提高组织靶向性和渗透性,实现疾病的精准高效治疗。
近期,广州中医药大学科技创新中心陈桐楷课题组综述了基于纳米技术的跨BBB策略及其高效治疗PD的研究进展,以“Anti-Parkinsonian therapy: Strategies for crossing the blood-brain barrier and nano-biological effects of nanomaterials”为题发表在Nano-Micro Letters(中科院一区,IF:23.655)。
基于克服BBB提高药物脑部递送效率的策略,课题组构建了多种纳米递药平台实现中药活性成分对PD的高效治疗。将姜黄素制备成纳米晶体,提高药物溶解度和生物利用度,同时将内源性红细胞来源的细胞膜包覆姜黄素纳米晶,利用膜表面的CD47分子和一系列补体调节蛋白在内的标志物实现免疫逃避和体内长循环。此外,在细胞膜表面脂质插入靶向功能多肽RVG29,有助于仿生纳米递药载体跨过BBB并靶向神经元细胞。借助于细胞膜载体,姜黄素的半衰期和脑部累积量显著增加,通过清除氧自由基、逆转线粒体功能障碍和抑制α-syn聚集,在PD的细胞模型和动物模型上发挥了优异的神经保护作用。该研究成果以“Brain-Targeted Biomimetic Nanodecoys with Neuroprotective Effects for Precise Therapy of Parkinson’s Disease”为题发表在美国化学会旗下的权威期刊ACS Central Science(中科院一区,IF:18.728)。
课题组还将姜黄素与铁离子配合制备得到铁-姜黄素纳米配位聚合物,极小的粒径(10 nm) 使其能够透过BBB,更好地发挥抗神经炎症的疗效。此外,与铁离子的配位使其具有多种酶(过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶)的效应,能够有效清除PD病理条件下产生的过多的氧自由基。在PD模型小鼠中,铁-姜黄素纳米配位聚合物减少了TH+神经元的丢失,并改善了脑内葡萄糖代谢水平。该研究成果以“Ultrasmall Coordination Polymers for Alleviating ROS-Mediated Inflammatory and Realizing Neuroprotection against Parkinson’s Disease”为题发表在Research(中科院一区,IF:11.036)上。
课题组还制备了负载厚朴酚纳米晶体的温敏水凝胶鼻用制剂,在与鼻粘膜接触后迅速形成固态凝胶,可作为药物的储库,释放药物,进而提高药物经鼻吸收效率和脑组织生物利用度。递送入脑的厚朴酚纳米晶使多巴胺神经元线粒体中的氧自由基和三磷酸腺苷(adenosine triphosphate, ATP)水平恢复正常,并改善了PD模型小鼠的线粒体功能障碍和行为学障碍,具有良好的PD治疗效果。该研究成果以“Rational design of thermosensitive hydrogel to deliver nanocrystals with intranasal administration for brain targeting in Parkinson's disease”为题发表在Research(中科院一区,IF:11.036)上。
为了克服BBB的障碍,提高槲皮素的生物利用度,课题组利用普鲁士蓝作为光热剂,在近红外808 nm波长下实现光热转换,增加BBB的通透性,并用结构多孔、比表面积大的金属有机骨架包裹普鲁士蓝纳米粒,随后负载槲皮素,所构建的纳米递药平台能够被动靶向脑部并具有近红外光响应的药物释放,通过激活PI3K/Akt信号通路发挥了良好的神经保护作用。该研究成果以“Near-Infrared Radiation-Assisted Drug Delivery Nanoplatform to Realize Blood−Brain Barrier Crossing and Protection for Parkinsonian Therapy”为题发表在ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces(中科院一区,IF:10.383)上。
中草药是我国传统文化的瑰宝,具有药用价值的中医药自古以来就被普遍认可并用于治疗疾病。课题组的系列研究进展探索了多种中药活性成分与纳米递药技术的结合,促进了中药的现代化应用,为中药活性成分在包括PD在内的以脑部病变为主的疾病的高效治疗提供了新思路。
本研究得到了广东省基础与应用基础研究基金联合基金重点项目、广东省教育厅生物医药与健康重点领域专项、广州中医药大学“双一流”与高水平大学学科协同创新团队培育项目、广州中医药大学“杏林引进人才”等项目的资助。
附:发表的相关学术论文
1. Guowang Cheng, Yujing Liu, Rui Ma, Guopan Cheng, Yucheng Guan, Xiaojia Chen, Zhenfeng Wu, Tongkai Chen*. Anti-Parkinsonian therapy: Strategies for crossing the blood-brain barrier and nano-biological effects of nanomaterials. Nano-Micro Letters, 2022, 14:105. (中科院一区,IF:23.655)
2. Yao Liu, Jingshan Luo, Yujing Liu, Wen Liu, Guangtao Yu, Yuting Huang, Yu Yang, Xiaojia Chen, Tongkai Chen*. Brain-Targeted Biomimetic Nanodecoys with Neuroprotective Effects for Precise Therapy of Parkinson’s Disease. ACS Central Science, 2022, 8: 1336-1349. (中科院一区,IF:18.728)
3. Guowang Cheng, Xueliang Liu, Yujing Liu, Yao Liu, Rui Ma, Jingshan Luo, Xinyi Zhou, Zhenfeng Wu, Zhuang Liu, Tongkai Chen*, Yu Yang. Ultrasmall Coordination Polymers for Alleviating ROS-Mediated Inflammatory and Realizing Neuroprotection against Parkinson’s Disease. Research, 2022, 2022: 9781323. (中科院一区,IF:11.036)
4. Jing Chen, Yujing Liu, Guopan Cheng, Jiahe Guo, Shuang Du, Jinmei Qiu, Cheng Wang, Chengcheng Li, Xiaofan Yang, Tongkai Chen*, Zhenbing Chen. Tailored Hydrogel Delivering Niobium Carbide Boosts ROS-Scavenging and Antimicrobial Activities for Diabetic Wound Healing. Small, 2022, 2201300. (中科院一区,IF:15.153)
5. Zhao Xu, Yujing Liu, Rui Ma, Jing Chen, Jinmei Qiu, Shuang Du, Chengcheng Li, Zihan Wu, Xiaofan Yang, Zhenbing Chen, Tongkai Chen*. Thermosensitive Hydrogel Incorporating Prussian Blue Nanoparticles Promotes Diabetic Wound Healing via ROS Scavenging and Mitochondrial Function Restoration. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2022, 14: 14059-14701. (中科院一区,IF:10.383)
6. Yun Tan, Yao Liu, Yujing Liu, Rui Ma, Jingshan Luo, Huijie Hong, Xiaojia Chen, Shengpeng Wang, Yi Zhang, Tongkai Chen*. Rational design of thermosensitive hydrogel to deliver nanocrystals with intranasal administration for brain targeting in Parkinson's disease. Research, 2021, 2021: 9812523. (中科院一区,IF:11.036)
7. Yao Liu, Honghai Hong, Jincheng Xue, Jingshan Luo, Qiao Liu, Xiaojia Chen, Yue Pan, Jingwei Zhou, Zeming Liu, Tongkai Chen*. Near-infrared radiation-assisted drug delivery nanoplatform to realize blood-brain barrier crossing and protection for Parkinsonian therapy. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2021, 13: 37746-37760. (中科院一区,IF:10.383)
8. Yousheng Mo, Lining Duan, Yuna Yang, Wei Liu, Ying Zhang, Ligui Zhou, Shiyu Su, Po-Chieh Lo, Jiaying Cai, Liqian Gao, Qiao Liu, Xiaojia Chen, Cong Yang, Qi Wang, Tongkai Chen*. Nanoparticles improved resveratrol brain delivery and its therapeutic efficacy against intracerebral hemorrhage. Nanoscale, 2021, 13: 3827-3840. (中科院一区,IF:8.307)
9. Xiangping Lin, Zhongjun Li, Jinmei Qiu, Qi Wang, Jianxin Wang, Han Zhang, Tongkai Chen*. Fascinating MXene nanomaterials: Emerging opportunities in the biomedical field. Biomaterials Science, 2021, 9: 5397-5431. (中科院一区,IF:7.59)
10. Sha Xiong, Jingshan Luo, Qun Wang, Zhongjun Li, Juntong Li, Qiao Liu, Liqian Gao, Shuhuan Fang, Yunyong Li, Huafeng Pan, Hong Wang, Qi Wang, Xiaojia Chen, Tongkai Chen*. Targeted graphene oxide for drug delivery as a therapeutic nanoplatform against Parkinson’s disease. Biomaterials Science, 2021, 9: 1705-1715. (中科院一区,IF:7.59)
科技创新中心 陈桐楷课题组供稿
审核:李伟荣 审定:阎敏、王奇